MECHANICS OF BREATHING: INSPIRATION: Inspiration is the active part of the breathing
process, which is initiated by the respiratory control centre in medulla oblongata (Brain stem).
Activation of medulla causes a contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles leading to
an expansion of thoracic cavity and a decrease in the pleural space pressure. The diaphragm is a
dome-shaped structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is the most

The course covers the following topic areas; Structures of amino acids, peptides and proteins,
Enzymes and metabolism, Carbohydrates and glycoproteins, Nucleic acids, Replication,
Replication, Transcription, Translation, Chromatin remodeling and splicing, Cells, the
simplest functional units, Genetics 1—Cell division and segregating genetic material,

Kenya’s specialized surgical care needs have increased greatly over the years, and continue to do so. The general doctor-population ratio in Kenya is 1:7100 compared to the recommended World Health Organization figure of 1:600. For the specialty of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, the ratio is 1:3500,000.