Prenatal and postnatal developmental periods. Significance of Embryology. Molecular biology of Human Development how, when and where selected genes are activated and expressed in the embryo during normal and abnormal development. The role of activators and regulators of genes in embryonic patterning. The critical role of homeobox containing genes and other molecular factors in regulating early embryonic development.

Origins and evolution of organisms up to mammalian stage: Introduction to origin of Life on Earth. Theories which postulate origin of life on earth and their criticism. Sources of study material (fossils, comparative anatomical and biochemical investigations and recently molecular biology and genetics). Gradual evolution from prokaryotes to Karyotes to multicellular organisms. Evolution of animal Kingdom from Diploblasts to triploblasts. Segmental pattern of muscle blocks as shared by insects and mammals. Origin of chordata from segmented coelomates.

Introduction to Oral Biology,Introduction to  Functions of Oral Cavity,Dentition/Tooth in situ,Tooth Morphology/Chronology, Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars,